How does Your State Tax Computer Software?

Joseph Henchman and Richard Borean from the Tax Foundation a hard look at how states tax computer software.

Get 45 public finance experts in a room and most will agree that a sales tax should apply to all final sales but not to business purchases, so each product is taxed once and only once. The 45 states with sales taxes do the opposite, exempting many final sales and taxing many business purchases.”

Sales tax treatment of software is the subject of this week’s Tax Foundation map. Ideally, all software purchases should be taxable to final users and exempt for business users. Instead, states tax some kinds of software and exempt others, based on whether it is customized or off-the-shelf and whether it is on CD or downloaded, all silly distinctions for tax purposes. States like Hawaii, New Mexico, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas are at least consistent in taxing it all. No state exempts it all, although Florida and Maryland come close. As for why Arkansas, Ohio, and South Carolina tax custom software when you buy it on a CD but exempt it when you download it, your guess is as good as ours.

We present state tax treatment of five different kinds of software: (1: triangle) pre-made “canned” software purchased in the form of tangible property like a disk or CD; (2: square) canned software downloaded directly onto a computer; (3: circle) custom software purchased on a disk or CD; (4: starburst) custom software downloaded; and (5: star) custom software customized by the user for their use.

(Click on the map to enlarge it. View previous maps here.)